Dr. Livingstone is a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist (physiatrist) practicing general physiatry (rehab. medicine) and electrodiagnosis (EMG/NCV). Board certified by the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Expertise with special interest in spinal cord injury, amputation, multiple trauma, and chronic pain. Areas of expertise include: personal injury and medical malpractice; Independent medical examinations; case consultation/litigation support; evaluation of impairing/disabling conditions; causation and apportionment; extent, diagnosis, prognosis; treatment alternatives for impairing/disabling conditions; life care planning, and Electrodiagnosis (EMG/NCV).